Sleep/Wake Disorders and Parasomnias

Tick, tock, and here we go again. I have been in bed trying to go to sleep for three hours now. I have not gotten more than a few hours of sleep a night in months. My work is being affected and so is my relationship with my wife. She’s over there sleeping like a baby and cannot understand why I can’t sleep. ‘Just close your eyes and relax’, she says. When I close my eyes, all I see is all the work I have to do.
Riley, age 34

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Sleep is essential for a healthy mind and body, and lack of quality sleep can cause distress during the daytime. Sleep disorders can involve difficulties with quality, timing, and amount of sleep and frequently accompany other disorders, especially depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Obtaining a good sleep history is essential to diagnosing sleep disorders, prescribing a treatment plan, and monitoring the plan’s effectiveness. Understanding and managing sleep problems frequently leads to improvement in other mental health disorders that the patient is experiencing.

This week, you will analyze the diagnostic criteria and treatment options of insomnia, hypersomnolence, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, non-rapid eye movement, nightmare disorder, sleep behavior disorder, and other DSM-5 sleep and parasomnic disorders.

Learning Resources

REQUIRED READINGS

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 13, “Psychosomatic Medicine” (pp. 465–503)

Chapter 16, “Normal Sleep and Sleep-Wake Disorders” (pp. 533–563)

Note: This is review from the Learning Resource in Week 3.

Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.

Chapter 36, “Sleep-Wake Disorders”

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

“Sleep-Wake Disorders”

Stahl, S. M. (2014). Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using the link below. This link will take you to a login page for the Walden Library. Once you log in to the library, the Stahl website will appear.
To access information on specific medications, click on The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th Ed. tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication.

Excessive sleepiness in narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, shift work sleep disorder	Insomnia	Narcolepsy	Restless leg syndrome
armodafinil modafinil sodium oxybate (in narcolepsy only)	agomelatine alprazolam amitriptyline amoxapine clomipramine clonazepam desipramine diazepam dothiepin doxepin estazolam eszopiclone flunitrazepam flurazepam hydroxyzine imipramine lofepramine lorazepam maprotiline mianserin nortriptyline quazepam ramelteon temazepam trazodone triazolam trimipramine zaleplon zolpidem zopiclone	amphetamine (d) amphetamine (d,l) lisdexamfetamine methylphenidate (d) methylphenidate (d,l) modafinil sodium oxybate	gabapentin ER

OPTIONAL RESOURCES

Bélanger, L., Harvey, A. G., Fortier-Brochu, É., Beaulieu-Bonneau, S., Eidelman, P., Talbot, L., . . . Morin, C. M. (2016). Impact of comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders on treatment response to cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(8), 659–667. doi:10.1037/ccp0000084

Olaithe, M., Nanthakumar, S., Eastwood, P. R., & Bucks, R. S. (2015). Cognitive and mood dysfunction in adult obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA): Implications for psychological research and practice. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 1(1), 67–78. doi:10.1037/tps0000021