NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

One of the more common biology analogies refers to cells as the “building blocks” of life. This rightfully places an emphasis on understanding cells, cellular behavior, and the impact of the environment in which they function.

Such an understanding helps explain how healthy cell activity contributes to good health. Just as importantly, it helps explain how breakdowns in cellular behavior and alterations to cells lead to health issues.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

This week, you examine cellular processes that are subject to alterations that can lead to disease. You evaluate the genetic environments within which these processes exist as well as the impact these environments have on disease.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Evaluate cellular processes and alterations within cellular processes
  • Evaluate the impact of the genetic environment on disease  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Learning Resources – NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

  • Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
  • Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents (pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
  • Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases
  • Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
  • Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
  • Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
  • Chapter 8: Adaptive Immunity (stop at Generation of clonal diversity); Summary Review
  • Chapter 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation (stop at Deficiencies in immunity); Summary Review
  • Chapter 10: Infection (pp. 289–303; stop at Infectious parasites and protozoans); (start at HIV); Summary Review
  • Chapter 11: Stress and Disease (stop at Stress, illness & coping)Summary Review
  • Chapter 12: Cancer Biology (stop at Resistance to destruction); Summary Review
  • Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology (stop at Environmental-Lifestyle factors); Summary Review  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Module 1 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris 

Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 1 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Discussion and Assignment. (4m)

 
Immunity and Inflammation

Khan Academy (2010, February 24). Inflammatory response | Human anatomy and physiology | Health & medicine [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXSuEIMrPQk  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 14 minutes.

Soo, P. (2018, July 28). Pathophysiology Ch 10 alterations in immune function [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 37 minutes.

Acid-Base Balance #1

MedCram. (2012, April 28). Medical acid base balance, disorders & ABGs explained clearly [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wMEMhvrQxE

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 13 minutes.

Acid-Base Balance #2

MedCram. (2012, April 29). Medical acid base balance, disorders & ABGs explained clearly | 2 of 8 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmEeKVTpOKI

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 15 minutes.

Hyponatremia

MedCram. (2017, December 23). Hyponatremia explained clearly (remastered) – Electrolyte imbalances [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLajK5Vy55M

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 15 minutes.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children

In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 3, 7, and 8 that relate to alterations in immunity, hyponatremia, and acid/base balance.

Note: To access the online resources included with the text, you need to complete the FREE online registration that is located at https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/store?role=student  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

To Register to View the Content

  1. Go to https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/store?role=student
  2. Enter the name of the textbook, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, or ISBN 9780323654395 (name of text without the edition number) in the Search textbox.
  3. Complete the registration process. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

To View the Content for This Text

  1. Go to https://evolve.elsevier.com/
  2. Click on Student Site.
  3. Type in your username and password.
  4. Click on the Login button.
  5. Click on the plus sign icon for Resources on the left side of the screen.
  6. Click on the name of the textbook for this course.
  7. Expand the menu on the left to locate all the chapters.
  8. Navigate to the desired content (checklists, videos, animations, etc.).  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Note: Clicking on the URLs in the APA citations for the Resources from the textbook will not link directly to the desired online content. Use the online menu to navigate to the desired content.


Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes

Photo Credit: Getty Images

At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.

Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

To prepare:

  • By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
By Day 3 of Week 1

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

  • The role genetics plays in the disease.
  • Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
  • The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
  • The cells that are involved in this process. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
  • How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Sample Discussion

Case study week 1

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview for: Type 1 hypersensitivity response, that occurred after a 16 year old boy was taken to the hospital, for emergency care following ingestion of Amoxicillin.  

Background

According the the scenario, a 16 year-old boy was taken to a clinic after complaining of having a sore throat for 3 day.  During his initial exam his provider found the following during: low grade fever, reddened posterior pharynx and white exudate on his tonsils.   A rapid strep test was ordered and the results came back positive for strep.  Since he had no known drug allergies, NKDA,  he was prescribe Amoxicillin.  

According to webmd, Amoxicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of strep (Chang, 2018).  According the the scenario, the 16 year-old boy ingestion Amoxicillin and after ingestion he began complaining of his tongue and lips swelling and difficulty breathing. It was also reported that he was noted experiencing audible wheezing (Wells, 2020).  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Immune Response

Rote and McCane (2010), defines hypersensitivity as a “immunologic response to an antigen” that results in cell damage. According to the American Journal of Medicine, Portier and Richet first discovered this theory of immunologic reactions in 1902 (Lichtenstein & Norman, 1969). Since then sequential reach have been conducted to support their finding.  Rote and McCance, agreed with previous studies and offered additional information.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

The two supported the two classification for hypersensitivity and defined them as: Type 1 response:  antigen and immune system response, which can be further classified as allergy, autoimmuity and alloimmunity and Type 2 response: Tissue-specific hypersensitivity response.  For the purpose of this case study, Type 1 Hypersensitivity allergy will be discussed. Type 1 hypersensitivity was chosen, as a result of the 16 year old complaining of his tongue and lips swelling; In addition, to wheezing and difficulty breathing, after ingestion of amoxicillin.  Research shows,that an allergic reaction can occur within seconds after ingesting medication that a person is allergic.  After the 16 year ingestion of an antigen amoxicillin.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

 His body immediately began it’s defense process of destroying the antigen. Tissue mast cell and basophils was dissemination in an effort to prevent further cell destruction.  Tissue mast cell is the body first line of defense when foreign body are recognized.  Tissue mast cell are abundant and can be found in the respiratory mucosa, as well as other area of the body.  The Mast cell contain granules that are made up of histamines.  

After the 16 year old ingestion of amoxicillin histamine was released by the mast cell; resulting in cellular edema and bronchial constriction a process, known as eosinophil chemotactic. This process can be seen during anaphylaxis. If anaphylaxis is not treated with a lipid mediators death can result.  After administration the lipid mediator the lipid mediator binds to the receptor sites reversing bronchoconstriction and the release of additional histamine from mast cells (Rote & McCance, 2010).

References

Allergies. (2018). Retrieved from mayoclinic.org

Chang, L. (2018). What Are the Treatments for Strep Throat. Retrieved from webmd.com

Lichtenstein, L. M., & Norman, P. S. (1969, February). Editorial Human Allergic Reactions. The American Journal of Medicine, 46, 163-173. Retrieved from amjmed.com

Rote, N. S., & McCance, K. L. (2010). Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation. In V. L. Brashers & N. S. Rote (Eds.), (6th ed., pp. 255-259). St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 of Week 1 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

To Participate in this Discussion:

Week 1 Discussion

Rubric Detail – NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Rubric Detail

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Name: NURS_6501_Discussion_Rubric
Grid View
List View
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Main Posting
45 (45%) – 50 (50%)
Answers all parts of the Discussion question(s) with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

Supported by at least three current, credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.
40 (40%) – 44 (44%)
Responds to the Discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth.

Supported by at least three credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.
35 (35%) – 39 (39%)
Responds to some of the Discussion question(s).

One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed.

Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Post is cited with two credible sources.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Contains some APA formatting errors.
0 (0%) – 34 (34%)
Does not respond to the Discussion question(s) adequately.

Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria.

Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Contains only one or no credible sources.

Not written clearly or concisely.

Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.
Main Post: Timeliness
10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
Posts main post by Day 3.
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not post main post by Day 3.
First Response
17 (17%) – 18 (18%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
15 (15%) – 16 (16%)
Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
13 (13%) – 14 (14%)
Response is on topic and may have some depth.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.
0 (0%) – 12 (12%)
Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

No credible sources are cited.
Second Response
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
12 (12%) – 13 (13%)
Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.
0 (0%) – 11 (11%)
Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.
Participation
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Meets requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6501_Discussion_Rubric

Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.

Excellent Good Fair Poor
Main Posting
45 (45%) – 50 (50%)

Answers all parts of the Discussion question(s) with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

Supported by at least three current, credible sources. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

40 (40%) – 44 (44%)

Responds to the Discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth.

Supported by at least three credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

35 (35%) – 39 (39%)

Responds to some of the Discussion question(s).

One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed.

Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Post is cited with two credible sources.

Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Contains some APA formatting errors. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

(0%) – 34 (34%)

Does not respond to the Discussion question(s) adequately.

Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria.

Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Contains only one or no credible sources.

Not written clearly or concisely.

Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.

Main Post: Timeliness
10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
Posts main post by Day 3.
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not post main post by Day 3.
First Response
17 (17%) – 18 (18%)

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

15 (15%) – 16 (16%)

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

13 (13%) – 14 (14%)

Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

(0%) – 12 (12%)

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Second Response
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

12 (12%) – 13 (13%)

Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

(0%) – 11 (11%)

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication. NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.

Participation
(5%) – 5 (5%)
Meets requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
N/A
(0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.  NURS 6501N Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
Total Points: 100