GCU NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System

GCU NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System: Selected Pathophysiology And Pharmacologic Therapy

Apr 21-27, 2022

Max Points:180

Objectives:

Describe normal pathophysiology and alterations of the endocrine system.
Integrate knowledge of pathophysiology and pharmacology into teaching and educational materials in diverse settings.
Describe a pharmacological intervention using an evidence-based treatment guideline.

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Topic 8 DQ 1

Apr 21-23, 2022

Choose a medical condition from the endocrine system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Make sure that you select a different medical condition than your peers. Include the name of the medical condition in the subject line so that the medical condition can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

Nicole

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Replies to Nicole

GOITER

Goiter is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland located at the base of the neck. This may present as an enlargement of the thyroid or irregular cell growth that may cause lumps or nodules in the thyroid. Goiter may be a result of change in thyroid hormones or no change at all. Some common causes of goiter is lack of iodine intake from an inidivuduals diet. Depending on the cause of goiter, an individual may exhibit symptoms of hyperthyroidsim or hyperthyroidism. In obstructive goiter, signs and symptoms include difficulties swallowing, labored breathing, hoarseness, cough, and snoring. Treatment of goiter varies on the cause, treating the symptoms and complications. It is important to educate patients with goiter on the cause of their goiter; adequate iodine intake; annual physical exams and neck exams; annual blood work. For patients on medical treatment for goiter, it is important to reinforce the importance of taking prescribed medications as ordered.

Reference

Can AS, Rehman A. Goiter. [Updated 2021 Aug 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/

Topic 8 DQ 2 – GCU NUR 641E Topic 8: Endocrine System: Selected Pathophysiology And Pharmacologic Therapy

Apr 21-25, 2022

Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

Cristina

Posted Date

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Replies to Cristina

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Propylthiouracil is used to treat hyperthyroidism (abnormal thyroid activity), Graves’ disease, and toxic goiter (enlarged thyroid). It is also occasionally used to relieve symptoms prior to thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine therapy.

Mechanism of action

Propylthiouracil suppresses thyroid hormone synthesis. It works by blocking thyroid peroxidase, which normally converts iodide to iodine and integrates it into tyrosine (Amisha & Rehman, 2021). The primary components of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are not formed (T3). It inhibits T4 to T3 conversion peripherally. It affects thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland or in the blood.

Hints of monitoring

Thyroid function tests should be monitored while on PTU treatment. Patients using warfarin must also have their prothrombin time monitored. PTU treatment includes patient education and counseling. The patient should be advised: Notify your doctor if you become pregnant or plan to become pregnant while taking the medicine. Report any fever, drug eruptions, or infection to your doctor. Notify your doctor if you have nausea, right upper quadrant discomfort, or jaundice. Agranulocytosis symptoms include sore throat, fever, chills, gum or skin infections (Amisha & Rehman, 2021). Severe hypotension is another symptom.

Side effects

Symptoms of an allergic response (hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat) (fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling). Propylthiouracil harms the liver (especially during the first 6 months of treatment). If you suffer nausea, vomiting, upper stomach discomfort, itching, fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored feces, or jaundice, stop taking propylthiouracil and notify your doctor (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Drug Interactions

Digoxin (digitalis); theophylline; heart or blood pressure medicine; or a blood thinner—warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven—all have drug interactions with Propylthiouracil.

References

Amisha, F., & Rehman, A. (2021, July 11). Propylthiouracil (PTU) – StatPearls – NCBI bookshelf. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549828/

Cerner Multum. (2021, June 11). Propylthiouracil. Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/propylthiouracil.html