BIO 240 Week 3 DNA and Protein Synthesis

Answer the following questions, in a total of 500 to 700 words.

– Describe the structure of DNA and the steps of protein synthesis.

– Describe the relationships between the following terms:

– DNA

– Chromatin material

– Gene

– Chromosome

– Use the following gene in protein synthesis:

TAGGACCATTTTAGCCCC

– Show the mRNA.

– Show the tRNA.

– Name the amino acids that will be placed in the polypeptide chain. (Use the codon table in Ch. 17 of Campbell Biology.)

– A gene will direct the making of polypeptide chains, and polypeptide chains form proteins. All enzymes are proteins. Therefore, how would you explain carrying a gene for a trait that does not show up in the offspring?

– In order for DNA to pass genetic information to the next generation, DNA must replicate successfully. Mistakes in replication could result in major problems in heredity.

– Explain how DNA replicates.

– Describe the formation of the leading strand and lagging strand and include the enzymes involved.

Why do the legs replicate differently?

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how forensic scientists take advantage of genomic variations in noncoding regions of DNA
the techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis
Introduction: In recent years, law enforcement has been revolutionized by molecular biology. When human tissues are left behind at crime scenes, these tissues can be collected and processed to yield samples of DNA, which can then be treated to isolate specific DNA fragments that are highly variable in the human population.
Which band pattern among Lanes 3 to 6 seems to be the closest match to the band pattern in Lane 2, where the crime-scene DNA fragment was loaded? Which suspect appears to be the culprit?
What is the molecular weight (in base pairs) of the fragment in Lane 2 (DNA from the crime scene), Lane 3 (Suspect 1), Lane 4 (Suspect 2), Lane 5 (Suspect 3), and Lane 6 (Suspect 4)?
Part C
How does analyzing DNA profiles using the gel electrophoresis tool allow you to draw both qualitative and quantitative conclusions about the likely identity of the suspect in this case?
Judging by the sizes of the fragments you measured in Part C, about how many repeats of the 16-base-pair sequence would you expect to find in each of the suspect’s genomes?
In this lab activity, you targeted just one fragment of DNA to build the DNA profile of each suspect and the crime-scene sample. Real-world DNA profiles target multiple fragments.
What is the advantage of targeting more than one fragment and having each DNA profile feature multiple bands?