Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach

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Create a 3-5-page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence you locate, which could help to answer the question.

PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.

It stands for:

P – Patient/population/problem.
I – Intervention.
C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).
O – Outcome(s).
T – Time frame (if time frame is relevant).

The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search. Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

Competency 1: Interpret findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research articles and studies.
- Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.
Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.
- Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.
- Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.
Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.
- Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.
- Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.

Reference

Boswell, C., Cannon, S. (2015). Introduction to nursing research. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

Professional Context

As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.

PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question.

Scenario

For this assessment, please use an issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.

If you do not have an issue of interest from your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Studies presented in the resources and select one of those as the basis for your assessment.

Instructions

For this assessment, select an issue of interest an apply the PICO(T) process to define the question and research it.

Your initial goal is to define the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it, and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth. Specifically, interpret each source’s specific findings and best practices related to your issues, as well explain how the evidence would help you plan and make decisions related to your question.

If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and research, the PICOT Question and Research Template document (accessible from the “Create PICO(T) Questions” page in the Capella library’s Evidence Based Practice guide) might be helpful. Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach

In your submission, make sure you address the following grading criteria:

Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.
Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.
Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.
Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.
Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using the current APA style.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Assessment 3 Example [PDF].

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should meet the following requirements:

Length of submission:Create a 3–5-page submission focused on defining a research question and interpreting evidence relevant to answering it.
Number of references:Cite a minimum of four sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.
APA formatting: Format references and citations according to the current APA style.

PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach Scoring Guide

CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED

Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach. Does not define a practice issue. Defines a practice issue, but does not frame it within the context of a PICO(T) question or approach. Defines a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach. Defines a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach. Notes how the exploration of the practice issue will benefit from a PICO(T) approach. Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach

Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question. Does not identify sources of evidence. Identifies sources of evidence, but does not connect them to the PICO(T) question, or the connection is unclear. Identifies sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question. Identifies sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question. Presents criteria or rational used to determine potential to answer the PICO(T) question.

Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence. Does not list the findings from articles or other sources of evidence. Lists the findings from articles or other sources of evidence, but does not offer a full explanation. Explains the findings from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to a PICO(T) question. Explains the findings from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to a PICO(T) question. Notes which sources are the most credible.
Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question. Does not identify the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence. Identifies the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence, but does not offer a full explanation. Explains the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question. Explains the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question. Notes which findings are the most relevant or likely to lead to positive outcomes.

Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling. Does not organize content for ideas. Lacks logical flow and smooth transitions. Organizes content with some logical flow and smooth transitions. Contains errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling. Organizes content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling. Organizes content with a clear purpose. Content flows logically with smooth transitions using coherent paragraphs, correct grammar/punctuation, word choice, and free of spelling errors.

Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format. Does not apply APA formatting to headings, intext citations, and references. Does not use quotes or paraphrase correctly. Applies APA formatting to in-text citations, headings and references incorrectly and/or inconsistently, detracting noticeably from the content. Inconsistently uses headings, quotes and/or paraphrasing. Applies APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format. Exhibits strict and flawless adherence to APA formatting of headings, intext citations, and references. Quotes and paraphrases correctly. Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach

CRITERIA	NON-PERFORMANCE	BASIC	PROFICIENT	DISTINGUISHED
Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.	Does not define a practice issue.	Defines a practice issue, but does not frame it within the context of a PICO(T) question or approach.	Defines a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.	Defines a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach. Notes how the exploration of the practice issue will benefit from a PICO(T) approach.
Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.	Does not identify sources of evidence.	Identifies sources of evidence, but does not connect them to the PICO(T) question, or the connection is unclear. Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach	Identifies sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.	Identifies sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question. Presents criteria or rational used to determine potential to answer the PICO(T) question.
Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.	Does not list the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.	Lists the findings from articles or other sources of evidence, but does not offer a full explanation.	Explains the findings from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to a PICO(T) question.	Explains the findings from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to a PICO(T) question. Notes which sources are the most credible.
Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.	Does not identify the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence.	Identifies the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence, but does not offer a full explanation.	Explains the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.	Explains the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question. Notes which findings are the most relevant or likely to lead to positive outcomes.
Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.	Does not organize content for ideas. Lacks logical flow and smooth transitions.	Organizes content with some logical flow and smooth transitions. Contains errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.	Organizes content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.	Organizes content with a clear purpose. Content flows logically with smooth transitions using coherent paragraphs, correct grammar/punctuation, word choice, and free of spelling errors.
Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format. Assessment 3: PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach	Does not apply APA formatting to headings, intext citations, and references. Does not use quotes or paraphrase correctly.	Applies APA formatting to in-text citations, headings and references incorrectly and/or inconsistently, detracting noticeably from the content. Inconsistently uses headings, quotes and/or paraphrasing.	Applies APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.	Exhibits strict and flawless adherence to APA formatting of headings, intext citations, and references. Quotes and paraphrases correctly.