Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Discussion

1-Discuss the incidence of ARDS in relation to leaky pulmonary capillaries. Include the pathogenesis of inadequate ventilation on the incidence of perpetuating this disease and the relationship of maintaining homogeneity between hemodynamics and positive pressure ventilation. ans : essa

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2- Indicate how Swan-Ganz catheterization and continuous monitoring of hemodynamics may assist a practitioner in recognizing shock. ans: essa

3-List and describe two fluid compartments and the relative distribution of fluid between them. Include in your discussion the importance of sodium osmolarity as a determinant of tonicity and explain the characteristic of cells exposed to hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. ans: essa

4- Determine the result of hypernatremia in exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF) and indicate a treatment to improve this condition. ans: essa

5-Define flail chest and indicate the relationship of intrapleural pressures to the movement of the chest and indicate the expected ventilation to perfusion mismatch that may occur as a result of this injury. ans: essa

6- Explain the role of decompensation in accentuating the fall in blood pressure in neurogenic shock and indicate how prolonged hypotension may increase mortality. ans: essa

7-Indicate the incidence and pathopyhsiology of respiratory distress as a complication of trauma. Include the idiopathic nature of the disease and why the lungs are commonly affected. ans: essa

8-Indicate the serum osmolality of intercellular sodium and determine the result of infusing a hypotonic solution into the intervascular compartment. ans: essa

9-Indicate the end result of hypovolemic shock and determine the best fluid for resuscitative purposes that may improve the incidence of mortality. ans: essa

10- Discuss the indications of four types of shock and the relative sympathetic and parasympathetic compensatory mechanisms involved in maintaining blood pressure. Indicate at what level decompensation generally occurs and the incidence and mortality of cardiogenic shock. ans: essa