NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

Objectives:

Demonstrate clinical reasoning in conducting a child health assessment.
Apply Erikson’s stages of child development to health assessment.
Examine factors that increase the vulnerability of a child.
Compare the physical assessment of a child to that of an adult.

Health Assessment: Foundations for Effective Practice. NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

Read Chapter 2 in Health Assessment: Foundations for Effective Practice. Use the Appendix as needed to complete your assignments.

URL:

https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/health-assessment_foundations-for-effective-practice_1e.php

Initial Course Survey

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URL:

http://survey.gcu.edu/initial_course_survey/initial_course_survey.htm?q0.a=20846221

Shadow Health: Focused Exam: Cough Results

Within the Shadow Health platform, complete the Focused Exam: Cough Results. The estimated average time to complete this assignment each time is 1 hour and 15 minutes. Please note, this is an average time. Some students may need longer.

This clinical experience is a focused exam. Students must score at the level of “Proficiency” in the Shadow Health Digital Clinical Experience. Students have three opportunities to complete this assignment and score at the Proficiency level. Upon completion, submit the lab pass through the assignment dropbox.

Students successfully scoring within the Proficiency level in the Digital Clinical Experience on the first attempt will earn a grade of 100 points; students successfully scoring at the Proficiency level on the second attempt will earn a grade of 90 points; and students successfully scoring at the Proficiency level on the third attempt will earn a grade of 80 points. Students who do not pass the performance-based assessment by scoring within the Proficiency level in three attempts will receive a failing grade (68 points).

If Proficiency is not achieved on the first attempt, it is recommended that you review your answers with the correct answers on the Experience Overview page. Review the report by clicking on each tab to the left titled Transcript, Subjective Data Collection, Objective Data Collection, Documentation, and SBAR to compare your work. Reviewing this overview and the course resources may help you improve your score.

Please review the assignment in the Health Assessment Student Handbook in Shadow Health prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:

Compare the physical assessments among school-aged children. Describe how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of the child.
Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

NRS-434VN Topic 2 Rubric: Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

No of Criteria: 8 Achievement Levels: 5

Criteria

Achievement Levels

Description

Percentage

1: Unsatisfactory

0.00 %

2: Less Than Satisfactory

75.00 %

3: Satisfactory

79.00 %

4: Good

89.00 %

5: Excellent

100.00 %

Content

80.0

Comparison of Physical Assessment Among School-Aged Children

25.0

A comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is omitted.

An incomplete comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is summarized. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is omitted or contains significant inaccuracies. NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

A general comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is summarized. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is generally described. More information or support is needed for clarity or accuracy.

A comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is presented. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is described. Some information is needed for clarity.

A detailed comparison of physical assessments among different school-aged children is presented. How assessment techniques would be modified depending on the age and developmental stage of the child is thoroughly described. Insight is demonstrated into the physical assessment of school age children.

Typical Assessment for a Child of a Specific Age

25.0

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is not described.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is summarized. The summary contains significant inaccuracies for the age of the child.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is generally described. The description contains some inaccuracies for the age of the child.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is described. The overall description is accurate. Some information is needed for clarity.

The typical developmental stage of a child between the ages 5 and 12 is accurately and thoroughly described.

Developmental Assessment of a Child Using a Developmental Theory (Erickson, Piaget, Kohlberg)

30.0

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is omitted.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is partially summarized. Partial strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are omitted or are incorrect. There are significant inaccuracies.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is generally described. General strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are summarized. There are minor inaccuracies.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is described. Appropriate strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are described. Some information is needed for clarity.

A child assessment based on a developmental theory is thoroughly described. Well-developed strategies to gain cooperation and for how explanations would be offered during the assessment are presented. The potential findings expected from the assessment are all accurate and described in detail.

Organization and Effectiveness

15.0

Thesis Development and Purpose

5.0

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

5.0

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5.0

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format

5.0

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

2.0

Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

3.0

Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Total Percentage 100

NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child Topic 2 DQ 1

Child abuse and maltreatment is not limited to a particular age—it can occur in the infant, toddler, preschool, and school-age years. Choose one of the four age groups and outline the types of abuse most commonly seen among children of that age. Describe warning signs and physical and emotional assessment findings the nurse may see that could indicate child abuse. Discuss cultural variations of health practices that can be misidentified as child abuse. Describe the reporting mechanism in your state and nurse responsibilities related to the reporting of suspected child abuse.

Re: Topic 2 DQ 1 Example Approach
The school-aged child may show multiple different types of symptoms as a result of abuse or neglect. They may have deep shame, guilt, or sadness and be reluctant to speak about it. They may also be very withdrawn, not social, and have a change in school performance. Another key symptom may be a reluctance to leave social places like school or sports as they must go back to an abusive situation (Mayo Clinic, 2021). There may be unexplained injuries, or injuries that do not match up with the guardian’s explanation, or bruises throughout the body that are uncommonly received with play (Falkner, 2018).Children that live in poverty, with parents/guardians addicted to drugs or alcohol, or parents with mental illness are at much higher risk for being abused or neglected (Falkner, 2018). There are some cultural differences that could look like child abuse, such as using homeopathic remedies that leave scars. Another example is a cultural difference in child care-some cultures just allow children to roam the neighborhood and they are watched by everyone, others have very specific plans where their children go and with whom (Determining, 2018).In Colorado, child abuse is reported through the Department of Children and Families (DCF) by all mandatory reporters. A nurse’s responsibility related to the reporting of child abuse is to start by calling DCF and submitting a report-this can be anonymous if needed. They will then determine if there is enough evidence to mount a case and will take it from there if there is. If a nurse believes a child is in imminent danger, police authorities will be dispatched to the location right away. Otherwise, an investigation occurs.

References

Determining child abuse & neglect across cultures. (2018). Retrieved from https://brycs.org/child-welfare/determining-child-abuse-neglect-across-cultures/

Falkner, A. (2018). Health assessment: Foundations for effective practice (1st edition). Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs434vn/health-assessment-foundations-for-effective-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2021). Child abuse. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/child-abuse/symptoms-causes/syc-20370864

NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child Topic 2 DQ 2

Compare the physical assessment of a child to that of an adult. In addition to describing the similar/different aspects of the physical assessment, explain how the nurse would offer instruction during the assessment, how communication would be adapted to offer explanations, and what strategies the nurse would use to encourage engagement.

Re: Topic 2 DQ 2 Sample Approach
The physical exam of a child requires sensitivity and privacy, just like that of an adult. Children should be allowed to be accompanied by their guardian, but also be allowed to be examined in private if they request it once they are teenagers. The assessment of an adult is a systemic, head-to-toe assessment, accompanied with multiple interview questions to get a full picture of their healthcare and chief complaints (Falkner, Chapter 4, 2018). The assessment of a child may be much different-there is still a head-to-toe assessment, but this is likely more based on visual assessment of how the child moves, plays, speaks, and interacts, rather than a full-on hands-on assessment. Questions are usually directed at the parent or guardian, and the child rarely has input on their health history (Falkner, Chapter 2, 2018).

A nurse could offer a child instruction through the parent or guardian. In other words, saying “Mommy is going to help you take your shirt off so I can listen to your belly and breathing” instead of “take off your shirt so I can listen to your abdomen and lungs.” Another great communication technique with children is allowing them to touch, see, listen to/with, and interact with any medical equipment that will be used on them like a stethoscope. This helps increase their comfort level, and bonds the nurse to them as they increase their trust. Using very simple, easy to understand language is also important during the assessment of a child. This allows them to feel as if they know what is going on and what is happening to them. Offering a child a choice when it comes to flavors, colors, or textures is also ideal. This offers them a sense of control over the situation and their bodies and helps them to engage in the assessment. NRS-434VN Topic 2: Health Assessment of the Toddler, Preschool, and School-Aged Child

References